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Topic 17 Learning Objectives

Be able to:

Define, compare and contrast, classify, differentiate, put in order, predict using, identify correct and incorrect examples of, identify correct and incorrect interpretations of, identify correct and incorrect applications of…the following terms:

        acid ionization constant – K_a
          percent ionization
        base ionization constant – K_b
        conjugate acid
        conjugate base
        salt hydrolysis
        common ion effect
        buffer (or buffered solution)
        Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
        acid-base titration
        equivalence point
        end point
        indicator
        titration curve

Use the approximation method for calculating the concentrations of species in a weak acid solution using K_a

Use the quadratic formula to calculate the concentrations of species in a weak acid solution using K_a

Calculate K_a using pH

Calculate percent ionization for a weak acid given the initial concentration and the pH or given the initial concentration and the K_a

Calculate  [H⁺] and pH for polyprotic acids

Use the approximation method for calculating the concentrations of species in a weak base solution using K_b

Use the quadratic formula to calculate the concentrations of species in a weak base solution using K_b

Use the relative strengths of acids and bases to predict whether reactants or products are favored for a reaction

Calculate the K_b for the conjugate base of an acid

Use bond strength and bond polarity to explain the trend in acid strength for binary acids

Use electronegativity and the number of O atoms bonded to the central atom to explain the trend in acid strength for oxyacids

Explain the trend in acid strength for polyprotic acids and their corresponding acid anions

Use salt hydrolysis to predict whether a salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral

Calculate the pH of salt solutions

Explain the common ion effect

Perform calculations involving the common ion effect

Describe how to make a buffer

Explain how a buffer works

Identify solutions that are buffers and those that are not 

Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Calculate the pH of the initial buffer solution

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution after the addition of acid or base to that solution

Perform the calculations for making a buffer solution of a specified pH

Describe and explain the shape of the three types of titration curves as well as explaining the pH of the equivalence point

Calculate the pH after the addition of a given amount of acid or base in a titration

Calculate the pH at the equivalence point for a titration