| KINETIC
MOLECULAR THEORY AS IT APPLIES TO GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS |
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Gases |
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Liquids |
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Solids |
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The relationship between state and the
balance between kinetic energy
and intermolecular forces |
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Changing the state
of a substance can be accomplished by changing temperature
or by changing pressure |
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Heating and cooling
change the kinetic energy of the particles |
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Increasing and
decreasing the pressure changes the average
distance between particles |
| INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES |
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Definition and
description |
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Types of
intermolecular forces |
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Van der Waals forces |
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Dipole-dipole forces |
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Dispersion forces |
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Hydrogen bonds |
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Identifying
intermolecular forces |
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The relationship
between intermolecular forces and the properties of
liquids |
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Five properties of liquids reflect the
strength of that liquid’s
intermolecular forces |
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Heat of vaporization |
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Vapor pressure |
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Boiling point |
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Surface tension |
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Viscosity |
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Ranking substances
in terms of the properties of liquids on the basis
of intermolecular forces |
| A STRUCTURAL
MODEL FOR LIQUIDS |
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Closeness |
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Intermolecular
forces |
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Motion of the
particles |
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Kinetic energy of
the particles |
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The “regional
model” of a liquid |
| SOLID STATE |
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Classification of
solids by type of attraction of units |
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Molecular solid |
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Metallic solid |
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Ionic solid |
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Covalent network
solid |
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Physical properties
of solids |
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Melting point and
structure |
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Hardness,
brittleness, and structure |
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Electrical
conductivity and structure |
| CHANGES OF STATE |
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Types of phase
transitions |
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Melting |
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Freezing |
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Vaporization |
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Condensation |
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Sublimation |
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Deposition |
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Kinetic Molecular
Theory and changes of state |
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Heat of phase
transition |
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Heat of fusion |
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Heat of vaporization |
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Comparing heat of
fusion and heat of vaporization |
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Heating curves |
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Vapor pressure |
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Definition |
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Description at the
molecular level |
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Volatility |
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Solids and vapor
pressure |
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Clausius-Clapeyron
equation |
| PHASE DIAGRAMS |
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Definitions and
description |
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Definitions |
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Phase diagram |
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Triple point |
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Critical point |
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Critical temperature |
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Critical pressure |
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Description of a
phase diagram |
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A phase diagram
contains three important curves |
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The sublimation
curve |
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The vaporization
curve |
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The melting curve |
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Conditions for
liquefaction |
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