| CHEMICAL
EQUILIBRIUM |
|
Reversible
reactions |
|
|
Definition |
|
|
Forward
and reverse reactions |
|
|
Focus on those in which the formation of products is only
slightly favored over the
formation of reactants |
|
Definition of chemical equilibrium |
|
Dynamic equilibrium |
|
Equilibrium position |
|
|
Given
by the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium |
|
|
Indicates
whether products or reactants are favored in a reversible reaction |
|
Applying stoichiometry to equilibrium mixtures |
| EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT |
|
Defined
verbally |
|
Defined
mathematically |
|
Magnitude of the equilibrium constant |
|
Writing equilibrium constant expressions |
|
|
For
homogeneous equilibria |
|
|
For
heterogeneous equilibria |
|
Calculating
equilibrium constants |
|
|
From
equilibrium concentrations |
|
|
From
stoichiometry |
|
Predicting
the direction of a reaction from the reaction quotient |
|
|
Verbal
definition of reaction quotient |
|
|
Defined
mathematically |
|
Calculating
equilibrium concentrations |
|
|
Calculating
one equilibrium concentration given the others and the equilibrium
constant |
|
|
Calculating
equilibrium concentrations from initial
concentrations and the equilibrium constant |
| FACTORS
AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM |
|
LeChatelier’s
Principle |
|
Changes
in concentration |
|
|
Adding
or removing reactants or products |
|
|
Rule
of thumb |
|
Changes in temperature |
|
|
Summary
of exothermic and endothermic reactions |
|
|
Adding
or removing heat, which can be thought of as a reactant or product as
appropriate |
|
|
Rule of thumb
|
|
|
Be
alert to the fact that changing the
temperature will also affect the value of the equilibrium constant |
|
Changes in pressure
|
|
|
Changes in pressure caused by changing volume
|
|
|
Changes in pressure caused by adding an inert gas
|
|
Addition of a catalyst
|
|
|
|
|