| THREE
CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES |
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Arrhenius
concept of acids and bases |
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Acids |
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Properties |
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Arrhenius definition of an acid |
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Strong and weak acids |
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Bases |
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Properties |
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Arrhenius definition of a base |
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Strong and weak bases |
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The hydrogen ion in water |
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The net ionic equation for the neutralization
reaction of Arrhenius acids and bases |
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Evidence for the Arrhenius theory |
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Drawbacks to the Arrhenius theory |
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Brønstead-Lowry
concept of acids and bases |
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Brønstead-Lowry
definition of acids and bases |
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Brønstead-Lowry
definition of an acid |
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Brønstead-Lowry
definition of a base |
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Comparison of the Arrhenius concept and the Brønstead-Lowry |
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Example of the equation for the neutralization
reaction of Brønstead-Lowry
acids and bases |
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Conjugate acids and bases |
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Writing the formulas for conjugate acids and
conjugate bases |
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Identifying conjugate acids and bases |
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Lewis concept of acids and bases |
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Lewis definition of acids and bases |
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Lewis definition of an acid |
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Lewis definition of a base |
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Comparison of the Brønstead-Lowry
concept and the Lewis concept |
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Example of the equation for the neutralization
reaction of Lewis acids and bases |
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The formation of coordinate covalent bonds as a
Lewis acid-Lewis
base reaction |
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Identifying Lewis acids and Lewis bases |
| ACID-BASE
PROPERTIES OF WATER |
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The autoionization of water |
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Definition |
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Reaction |
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The
ion-product constant for water |
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Derived |
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Value for Kw |
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Values for H+ (aq)
and OH-
(aq) for aqueous solutions |
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Kw and Arrhenius definitions |
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Determining concentrations of H+ and OH-
for aqueous solutions of strong acids or strong bases |
| THE pH
SCALE |
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Definition of pH |
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Definition of pOH |
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Mathematical relationships among Kw ,
pH, and pOH |
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pH and pOH
and Arrhenius definitions |
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Examples of calculating pH and pOH from molar
concentrations |
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Example of calculating [H+] and [OH-]
from pH and pOH |