| ATOMIC
THEORY OF MATTER |
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Dalton’s
atomic theory |
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Atomic theory explains the three
basic laws of chemistry. |
| HISTORY
OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM |
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Early atomic theory Democritus |
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Modern
atomic theory -
“Hard Sphere” model Dalton |
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“Plum
Pudding” model Thomson |
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Nuclear atom -
“Solar System” model Rutherford |
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Bohr model Bohr |
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Quantum mechanical model
Schroedinger |
| COMPONENTS
OF THE ATOM |
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Electron |
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Proton |
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Neutron |
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Differences in the numbers of
components |
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Key terms related to components of
atoms |
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Atomic number |
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Element |
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Mass number |
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Isotope |
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Nuclide |
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Definition |
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Nuclide symbol |
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Writing nuclide symbols |
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Analyzing nuclide symbols |
| ATOMIC
MASSES (sometimes called “atomic weights”) |
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History of atomic mass |
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Determined by mass spectrometry |
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Key terms |
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Definition of atomic mass unit |
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Definition of percent abundance |
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Definition of fractional abundance |
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Definition of atomic mass for an
element |
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Calculating atomic masses |
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Using fractional abundance |
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Using percent |
| PERIODIC
TABLE |
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History
of its development |
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Doebereiner -
“triads” 1817 |
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Newlands -
“Law of Octaves” 1864 |
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Mendeleev -
“Periodic Table” 1869 |
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Moseley -
the “Atomic Number Periodic Table”
1913 |
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The modern periodic table |
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The
periodic law |
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The periodic table is an
arrangement according to properties in order of increasing atomic number. |
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Periods and Groups |
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Important parts of the periodic
table |
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Group names |
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Representative elements and transition elements |
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Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids |
| CHEMICAL
FORMULAS |
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Chemical formulas use atomic
symbols |
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Chemical formulas use subscripts |
| MOLECULAR
SUBSTANCES |
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Molecules
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Formulas for molecular substances |
| IONIC
SUBSTANCES |
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Definition of ionic substance |
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Ions |
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Definition
of an ion |
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Ions can be categorized by the
number of atoms that formed the ion. |
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Ions can be categorized by their
charge. |
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Formula units |
| PREDICTING
THE CHARGES ON MONOATOMIC IONS |
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Metals in Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA |
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Nonmetals in Groups VA, VIA, and
VIIA |
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Group B metals |
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Group IVA metals |
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Group
IVA nonmetals and the noble gases |
| NAMING
IONS |
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Monoatomic
ions |
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Polyatomic anions including
oxyanions |
| WRITING
IONIC FORMULAS |
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When given the ionic symbols |
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When given the names of the ions |
| NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE FORMULA |
| BINARY
COMPOUNDS |
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Definition of binary compound |
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Two types of binary compounds |
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Ionic |
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Covalent
-
also called “binary molecular compounds” |
| WRITING
THE FORMULAS FOR BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS |
| NAMING
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS |
| NAMING
ACIDS |
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Binary acids of the form HaX
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Oxyacids |
| HYDRATES |
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Definition |
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Naming a hydrate |
| WRITING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS |
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Definitions |
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Chemical
equation |
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Reactant |
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Product |
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Subscript |
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Coefficient |
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Procedure |
| BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS |
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Rules |
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Techniques for balancing equations
by inspection |