| REVIEW OF THE
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND ENTHALPY |
| THE SECOND LAW
OF THERMODYNAMICS AND ENTROPY |
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Spontaneous
processes |
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Definition |
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Description |
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Examples of
spontaneous versus nonspontaneous processes |
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Entropy |
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Definition |
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Obsolete definition |
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Current definition |
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Description |
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Second law of
thermodynamics |
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Verbal definition |
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Spontaneous
processes |
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Equilibrium
processes |
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A molecular
interpretation of entropy |
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Molecular motions
and energy |
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Microstate |
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Boltzmann’s
Equation |
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Entropy and disorder |
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Entropy and
temperature |
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Qualitative rules
for comparing entropy |
| THE THIRD LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS AND ENTROPY |
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The third law of
thermodynamics |
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Corollaries of the
third law of thermodynamics |
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The third law of
thermodynamics, absolute entropy, and standard entropy |
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Absolute entropy |
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Standard entropy |
| ENTROPY CHANGE
FOR A REACTION |
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Standard entropy of
reaction |
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Predicting the sign
of the standard entropy of reaction |
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Rules of thumb for
predicting entropy increases |
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Examples |
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Calculating the
standard entropy of reaction |
| GIBBS FREE
ENERGY |
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Was a proposal of Willard Gibbs to predict
spontaneity |
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Spontaneity and
free energy |
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Rule of thumb for reacting systems |
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Moving toward this minimum |
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Moving away from this minimum |
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Spontaneity and the sign of DG |
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Temperature and free energy |
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The temperature
at which a reaction occurs can affect its spontaneity |
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Comparing the enthalpy term and the entropy term
in the Gibbs free energy equation at various temperatures |
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Rules of thumb regarding the signs of DH,
DS,
DG
and spontaneity |
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Standard free
energy changes |
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Definition |
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Standard free energy equation
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Standard free
energies of formation |
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Definitions |
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Standard free energy of formation |
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Standard free energy of formation of an element |
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Calculating free
energy changes |
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Calculating
standard free energy from standard enthalpy and standard entropy |
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Calculating
standard free energy from standard free energies of formation |
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Equilibrium and
free energy |
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The approach to equilibrium and the change in
the free energy |
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The thermodynamic equilibrium constant |
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Calculating K from DG° |
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